Dysfunktion
Inom Ortopedisk Manuell Terapi används begreppen dysfunktion eller när det kommer till ryggraden segmentell dysfunktion. Inom osteopatin används även idag begreppet dysfunktion. Tidigare inom osteopatin används begreppet osteopatisk lesion. Begreppet dysfunktion är accepterat inom skolmedicin och anger förenklat att:
- En led eller ett par kotor (segment) har en nedsättning i funktion.
- Den nedsatta funktionen i leden eller mellan kotorna kan innefatta för lite eller för mycket rörlighet.
- Ökade muskelspänningar uppstår.
- En smärtreaktion kan förekomma
- På sikt även en nedsatt kontroll.
- Det berör inte att att leden eller kotorna är felplacerade eller ur position.
Fokus på dysfunktion eller segmentell dysfunktion syns inte på röntgen och är ett funktionsproblematik mer än ett strukturellt anatomiskt fel.

Subluxation
Inom skolmedicin och ortopedi betyder däremot subluxation en delvis urledvridning av en led. Leden inte är helt ur led men inte heller i normal position. Det går för det mesta att se på röntgen eller annan bilddiagnostik. Inom kiropraktik används också termen subluxation ibland bredare som en tänkt “felställning” i ryggraden. Men även kiropraktiken lägger idag tonvikt på subluxtion även innefattar:
– förändring i rörelser av leder/kotor
– irritation eller påverkan av nervsystemet
– påverkan av vävnader inklusive muskler
– biokemiska och inflammatoriska reaktioner.

På min sida om stelhet under symtom finns också information om funktionsnedsättning och stelhet med vad kan göras i behandlingsväg.
Flera hundra mer eller mindre känds synonymer
Inom litteratur, kurser och på webbplatser har de mer etablerade begreppen dysfunktion flera hundra synonymer. Många synonymer är relativt okända och har nog mer används i i mindre sammanhang och kurser. Andra begrepps som blockage är vad en patienter lyfter att det känns blockerat/låst/upphakat. Medan andra begrepp bygger på dysfunktion eller subluxation men med olika prefix eller suffix.
- Aberrant motion (Ab)normal articular sensory input
- Abnormal dysfunction
- Abnormal fixation
- Abnormal instantaneous axis of rotation
- Abnormal mechanics
- Abnormal motion or position
- Abnormal muscle function
- Abnormal nervous system function
- Abnormal spinal function
- Altered intervertebral mechanics
- Altered joint structure and function
- Altered nociceptive and proprioceptive input
- Altered regional mechanics
- Arthropathic Abnormal function (Ab)normal joint mechanics
- Abnormal joint motion
- Abnormal motion or position
- Abnormal muscle function
- Abnormalities of range of motion or coupling
- Abnormal nervous system function
- (Ab)normal regional sympathetic tone
- Abnormal restrictive barrier in or around joints
- Abnormal spinal function
- (Ab)normal structural relationship
- Acute joint locking
- Acute locking
- Adverse mechanical tension of the nervous system
- Altered alignment Altered joint motion
- Altered nervous system movement
- Altered physiological function
- Apophyseal subluxation
- Arthron (extremity joint subluxation ©© see also ”vertebron”)
- Articular derangement
- Articular dyskinesia
- Articular juxtaposition
- Biomechanical distortion
- Biomechanical impropriety
- Biomechanical insult
- Blockage Blocking
- Bony displacement
- Bony maladjustment
- Bony lesion
- Cervical joint dysfunction
- Changes of the dynamic segment
- Changes of thoracic segments
- Chiropractic lesion
- Compensatory structural subluxations
- Comprehensive lesion
- Deconditioned syndromes
- Deviation of the bodies
- Errors of static or motor mechanics Facet joint syndrome
- Facet synovial impingement
- Facilitated spinal system Facilitated subluxation
- Functional pathology
- Functional subluxationChriopractic lession
- Chiropractic subluxation Chiropractic subluxation complex
- Comprehensive lesion
- Delayed instability
- Deformation behaviour
- Degenerative dynamic segment
- Derangement
- Derangement of the opposing joint surfaces
- Discoradicular conflict
- Disorder of the disc
- Disrelationship of the facets
- Displacement
- Disturbance in the mechanico©dynamics
- Dynamic forceps
- Dynamic segment
- Dysarthric lesion
- Dysarthrosis
- Dysfunctional joint
- Dysponesis
- Dystopia
- Dysfunctional segments
- Engagement of the spinal segment in a pathologic reflex chain
- Erratic movement of spinal articulations
- Excursion (Conley) = (”Wandering from the usual path.” ©© Taber’s)
- Facet imbrication
- Facet joint dysfunction
- Facet syndrome
- Facilitated segment
- Facilitative lesion
- Fanning of interspinous space
- OE Fixed vertebra Focal tenderness
- Functional block ”(subluxations) … force other joints to move too much.”
- Functional compromise
- Functional deficit
- Functional defects
- Functional derangement
- Functional and structural changes in the three©joint complex
- Functional disturbance
- Functional impairments of motion
- Functional spinal lesion
- Functional subluxation*
- Gravitational (im)balance of joints (with) reduced chronic, asymmetrical forces
- Harmful dysfunction of the neuromusculoskeletal system
- Hyperaemic subluxation Hyperanteflexion sprain
- Hypermobility Hypopmobility Hypokinetic aberration*
- Impairment (Im)properly direct(ed) coordinated, (in)harmonious motor programming
- Inability of the segment to articulate about its new axis
- Incomplete luxation
- Incomprehensible pattern of symptoms and clinical findings when compared to with examination of mechanical lesions in the extremities
- Instability of the posterior ligament complex
- Interdiscal block Internal joint derangement
- Internal vertebral syndrome
- Intersegmental instability
- Intersegmental subluxation
- Intervertebral blocking
- Intervertebral disrelationship
- Intervertebral dysfunction of the mobile segment
- Intervertebral joint subluxation
- Intervertebral obturations
- Intervertebral subluxation
- Joint bind Joint blockage Joint disturbances Joint dysfunction
- Joint immobilization
- Joint ”instability”Joint locking
- Joint movement restriction
- ”Just short of a dislocation”
- Joint restriction
- Kinesiopathology
- Kinetic intersegmental subluxation
- Kinetic subluxation Lesion
- Ligatights
- Localised/referred pain
- Locked
- Locking
- Locked subluxation
- Locks up and restricts motion
- Lose their normal motion or position
- Loss of elasticity
- Loss of joint movement
- Loss of juxtaposition
- Loss of segmental mobility
- Low back dysfunction Malalignment
- Maladjustment (of a vertebra)
- Malposed vertebra
- Mechanical interferences Mechanical malfunctioning
- Mechanically infringe
- Manipulatable joint lesion
- Manipulatable lesion (adjustable subluxation!)
- Mechanical derangement
- Mechanical disorder
- Mechanical dysfunction
- Mechanical instability
- Mechanical irritation of the sympathetic ganglionic chain
- Mechanical musculoskeletal dysfunction
- Mechanico©neural interaction
- Metameric dysfunction
- Minor derangement
- Minor intervertbrae derangement (MID)
- MisalignmentMisalignment of the fibrocartilaginous joint
- Motor unit derangement complex
- Motion restriction
- Movement restriction
- Multisegmental spinal distortion
- Musculoskeletal dysfunction
- Myopathology
- Nervous system impairment by the spine
- Neuro©articular dysfunction
- Neuro©articular subluxation
- Neuro©articular syndrome
- Neurobiomechanical
- Neuro©dysarthric
- Neuro©dysarthrodynic
- Neurological dysfunction
- Neurodystrophy
- Neurofunctional subluxation
- Neuro©mechanical lesion
- Neuromuscular unit
- Neuromuscular dysfacilitation
- Neuromuscular dysfunction
- Neuropathology
- Neurospinal condition
- Neurospinal distortions
- Neurostasis (Wilson)
- Occult subluxation
- Offset
- Orthokinetics
- Ortho©spondylo©dysarthrics
- Osteological lesion Osteopathic lesion Osteopathic spinal lesion Osteopathic spinal joint lesion
- Pain and debility without recognisable pathology
- Painful intervertebral dysfunction (”PID”)
- Painful minor intervertebral dysfunction (”PMID”)
- Palpable changes
- Paravertebral subluxation
- Partial dislocation
- Partial or incomplete separation
- Partial fixation
- Partial luxation
- Pathogenic interaction of spine and nervous system
- Pathophysiological mechanics
- Pathologically altered bradytrophic tissue
- Pathologically altered dynamic segment
- Pathomechanics
- Pathophysiology
- Perverted function
- Physiologic displacement
- Physiologic lock the motion segment
- Positional dyskineria
- Posterior facet dysfunction Posterior joint dysfunction (”PJD” ©© see ”three©joint complex”!)
- Posterior joint syndrome
- Post©traumatic dysautonomic
- Prespondylosis
- Primary dysfunction
- Primary fibromyalgic syndrome
- Pseudosubluxation
- Putative segmental instantaneous axis of rotation
- Reflex dysfunction
- Reduced mobility
- Regional dysfunction
- ”Relative as absolute lack of space within the intervertebral foramen”
- Residual displacement
- Restricted motion
- Restriction
- Restriction of unisegmental mobility
- Reversible with adjustment/manipulation
- Sagittal translation (Conley)
- Sectional subluxation Segmental dysfunction
- Segmental instabilityOE Segmental vertebral hypomobility
- Semiluxation
- Simple joint and muscle dysfunction without tissue damage
- Shear strain distribution
- Slight luxation
- Slightly luxated
- Slightly misaligned vertabra
- Soft tissue ankylosis
- Somatic dysfunction
- Spinal dysfunction
- Spinal fixation
- Spinal hypomobilities
- Spinal irritation
- Spinal joint blocking
- Spinal joint complex
- Spinal joint dysfunction
- Spinal joint malfunction
- Spinal kinesiology
- Spinal lesion
- Spinal mechanical dysfunction
- Spinal pathophysiology
- Spinal segmental facilitation
- Spinal segmental instability
- Spinal subluxation
- Spine restriction
- Spino©neural conflict
- Spinostasis (Wilson)
- Spondylodysarthric lesions
- Sprain
- Stable cervical injury of the spine (see also ”instability” above)
- Static intersegmental subluxation
- Static subluxation
- Strain
- Strain distribution
- Structural abnormalities
- Structural derangement
- Structural disrelationship
- Structural intersegmental distortion
- Structural lesions
- ”Stuck”
- Subtle instability
- Sub©luxation Subluxation
- Subluxation complex
- Subluxation complex myopathy
- Subluxation syndrome
- Subluxes
- Three joint complex
- Tilting of the vertebral body
- Tightened, deep, joint related structures
- Total fixation
- Translation
- Unresolved mechanical tension or torsion
- Unstable subluxation
- Vertebragenous syndromes
- Vertebral derangement
- Vertebral displacement
- Vertebral dysfunction
- Vertebral dyskinesia
- Vertebral factor
- Vertebral genesis
- Vertebral induction
- Vertebral lesion
- Vertebral pathology Vertebral subluxation
- Vertebral subluxation complex
- Vertebral subluxation syndrome
- Vertebrally diseased
- Vertebroligamentous sprain strain
- Vertebron (see also ”arthron”)
- Wedged disc
- Zygopophyseal pathophysiology
Malmö den 31 mars 2026
David Aston
Leg. Sjukgymnast
Master medicinsk vetenskap
Examen i Ortopedisk Manuell Terapi






